Variables | Before implementation N = 2101 | After implementation N = 2101 | SMD | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (‾x ± s) | 52.38 ± 14.86 | 51.96 ± 14.53 | 0.029 | 0.315a) |
Gender (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | 0.537b) |
 Male | 1090 (51.9) | 1110 (52.8) |  |  |
 Female | 1011 (48.1) | 991 (47.2) | 0.019 |  |
Education (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | 0.254c) |
 Junior high and below | 1134 (54.0) | 1118 (53.2) | 0.016 |  |
 Senior high | 269 (12.8) | 258 (12.3) | 0.015 |  |
 Associate degree | 391(18.6) | 393 (18.7) | 0.003 |  |
 Undergraduate and above | 307 (14.6) | 333 (15.8) | 0.033 |  |
Marital status (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | 0.669b) |
 Married | 1876 (89.3) | 1858 (88.4) | 0.029 |  |
 Unmarried | 158 (7.5) | 169 (8.0) | 0.019 |  |
 Divorced or Widowed | 67 (3.2) | 74 (3.5) | 0.017 |  |
Diseased region (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | 0.892b) |
 Cervical | 691 (32.9) | 682 (32.5) | 0.009 |  |
 Thoracic | 73 (3.5) | 75 (3.6) | 0.005 |  |
 Lumbar | 1265 (60.2) | 1263 (60.1) | 0.002 |  |
 Others | 72 (3.4) | 81 (3.9) | 0.027 |  |
HEI score (m, IQR)d) | 2 [0,5] | Â | <0.001c) | |
Emotional disorder (HEI>8) (n, %) | 283 (13.5) | 211 (10.0) | Â | 0.001b) |
Grades of emotional disorder | Â | Â | Â | 0.010c) |
 Mild | 174 (8.3) | 118 (5.6) |  |  |
 Moderate | 75 (3.6) | 65 (3.1) |  |  |
 Severe | 34 (1.6) | 28 (1.3) |  |  |