Table 2 Themes and subthemes

Multiple barriers to individuals

1. More serious security risks;

2. Difficult to achieve a work-life balance;

3. Professional values not be respected;

4. Prone to psychological risks.

Different service model

5. Unfamiliar patients;

6. Non-standardized environment;

7. Unpredictable medical risks;

8. Lack of trust in communication.

Emerging Organizational Problems

9. Standards and norms not established;

10. Lack of team support;

11. Forced participation;

12. Imperfect platform.