Table 1 Summary of study characteristics included
Study (year) | Country | Design of study | Participants (n) | Method of data collection | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zahra AN et al. (2018) [2] | Indonesia | Quantitative | RN (169) | Survey | High Quality |
Arnetz JE et al. (2015) [12] | USA | Quantitative | Employees and RN’s (446) | Survey and retrospective reports | Acceptable |
Copeland D et al. (2017) [13] | USA | Quantitative | ED staff and RN’s (147) | Survey | High Quality |
Song C et al. (2020) [17] | China | Quantitative | RN (266) | Survey | High Quality |
Al-Azzam M et al. (2018) [30] | Jordan | Quantitative | RN (137) | Questionnaire | High Quality |
AlBashtawy M et al. (20150 [31] | Jordan | Quantitative | RN (227) | Survey | High Quality |
Algwaiz WM et al. (2012) [22] | Saudi Arabia | Quantitative | Physician and RN’s (383) | Survey | High Quality |
Alsharari AF et al. (2021) [23] | Saudi Arabia | Quantitative | RN (849) | Survey | High Quality |
Alsmael MM et al. (2020) [32] | Saudi Arabia | Quantitative | HCW and RN’s (360) | Survey | High Quality |
Babiarczyk B et al. (2020) [24] | Poland, Spain, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Turkey | Quantitative | RN (1089) | Survey | High Quality |
Cannavò M et al. (2019) [33] | Italy | Quantitative | HCW and RN’s (322) | Survey | High Quality |
Douglas K et al. (2019) [34] | Nigeria | Quantitative | RN (200) | Questionnaire | Acceptable |
Fisekovic Kremic MB et al. (2016) [25] | Serbia | Quantitative | Staff and RN’s (1526) | Survey | High Quality |
Garg R et al. (2019) [14] | India | Quantitative | Physicians, RNs, HCWs (394) | Survey | High Quality |
Kitaneh M et al. (2012) [26] | Palestine | Quantitative | Physician and RN’s (240) | Questionnaire | High Quality |
Kvas A et al. (2014) [11] | Slovenia | Quantitative | RN (692) | Survey and Questionnaire | Acceptable |
Li P et al. (2018) [6] | China | Quantitative | GP’s and RN’s (830) | Survey | High Quality |
Pompeii LA et al. (2016) [27] | USA | Mixed method | HCW and RN’s (5385) | Survey and Focus Groups | High Quality |
Sato K et al. (2013) [28] | Japan | Quantitative | RN (1385) | Survey | High Quality |