Variable | Categories | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital variables | ||||
Hospital type | Tertiary hospital | 1.25 | 0.98–1.58 | .067 |
Secondary hospital | 1.00 | |||
Hospital ownership | Public sector | 1.06 | 0.72–1.58 | .764 |
Educational foundation | 1.34 | 0.92–1.96 | .124 | |
Medical or other corporation | 1.27 | 0.88–1.82 | .197 | |
Private corporation | 1.00 | |||
Hospital location | Seoul | 0.98 | 0.78–1.23 | .851 |
Metropolitan cities | 0.95 | 0.79–1.14 | .600 | |
Small and medium-sized cities | 1.00 | |||
Bed-to-physician ratio | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | .189 | |
Bed-to-nurse ratios | Level 1 (Less than 2.5) | 0.62 | 0.39–0.99 | .044 |
Level 2 (2.5–3.4) | 0.63 | 0.42–0.94 | .023 | |
Level 3 (3.5–4.4) | 0.73 | 0.44–1.21 | .219 | |
Level 4 (4.5 or greater) | 1.00 | |||
Patient variables | ||||
Age, years | 1.04 | 1.04–1.05 | < .001 | |
Sex | Male | 1.40 | 1.22–1.60 | < .001 |
Female | 1.00 | |||
Type of surgery | Major craniotomy except for trauma | 1.66 | 1.21–2.28 | .002 |
Other craniotomy except for trauma | 1.62 | 1.15–2.27 | .005 | |
Craniotomy for trauma | 0.73 | 0.53–1.03 | .072 | |
Cardiac valve procedure with cardiac catheter | 0.76 | 0.43–1.33 | .334 | |
Cardiac valve procedure without cardiac catheter | 0.64 | 0.36–1.13 | .123 | |
Coronary bypass with/without cardiac catheter | 0.66 | 0.41–1.04 | .076 | |
Major reconstructive vascular procedure | 2.40 | 1.46–3.93 | .001 | |
Amputation for circulatory system disorders | 1.30 | 0.76–2.24 | .342 | |
Esophageal procedure | 1.24 | 0.74–2.08 | .410 | |
Major small and large bowel procedure | 0.42 | 0.29–0.62 | < .001 | |
Stomach and duodenal procedure | 0.70 | 0.53–0.93 | .015 | |
Pancreas, liver and shunt procedure | 1.00 | |||
Comorbidities or complications | None | 0.38 | 0.26–0.55 | < .001 |
Minor | 1.09 | 0.77–1.53 | .637 | |
Moderate | 1.57 | 1.12–2.19 | .009 | |
Severe | 1.00 | |||
Type of health insurance | Self-employed beneficiary | 0.53 | 0.32–0.89 | .017 |
Self-employed dependent | 0.84 | 0.48–1.48 | .554 | |
Employed beneficiary | 0.43 | 0.25–0.72 | .002 | |
Employed dependent | 0.62 | 0.37–1.04 | .069 | |
Medical Aid beneficiary | 0.97 | 0.54–1.77 | .929 | |
Medical Aid dependent | 1.00 | |||
Admission route | Emergency department | 2.73 | 2.33–3.21 | < .001 |
Outpatient department | 1.00 |