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Table 3 Differences between patients who died or survived within 30 days after discharge by patient characteristics (n = 129,923)

From: Association between the bed-to-nurse ratio and 30-day post-discharge mortality in patients undergoing surgery: a cross-sectional analysis using Korean administrative data

Variable

Categories

Total

n (%)

Died

(n = 1355, 0.01%)

n (%)

Survived

(n = 128,568, 99.9%)

n (%)

χ2

p

Age, years

Less than 30

2564 (2.0)

12 (0.5)

2552 (99.5)

411.29

< .001

30–39

6707 (5.2)

35 (0.5)

6672 (99.5)

40–49

18,083 (13.9)

86 (0.5)

17,997 (99.5)

50–59

35,152 (27.1)

244 (0.7)

34,908 (99.3)

60–69

34,152 (26.3)

319 (0.9)

33,833 (99.1)

70 or greater

33,265 (25.6)

659 (2.0)

32,606 (98.0)

Mean ± SDa

59.6 ± 12.9

    

Gender

Male

78,485 (60.4)

859 (1.1)

77,626 (98.9)

5.10

.024

Female

51,438 (39.6)

496 (1.0)

50,942 (99.0)

Type of surgery

Major craniotomy except for trauma

29,898 (23.0)

417 (1.4)

29,481 (98.6)

414.92

< .001

Other craniotomy except for trauma

6586 (5.1)

176 (2.7)

6410 (97.3)

Craniotomy for trauma

8683 (6.7)

171 (2.0)

8512 (98.0)

Cardiac valve procedure with cardiac catheter

2110 (1.6)

19 (0.9)

2091 (99.1)

Cardiac valve procedure without cardiac catheter

3506 (2.7)

22 (0.6)

3484 (99.4)

Coronary bypass with/without cardiac catheter

4079 (3.1)

31 (0.8)

4048 (99.2)

Major reconstructive vascular procedure

2811 (2.2)

45 (1.6)

2766 (98.4)

Amputation for circulatory system disorders

1121 (0.9)

17 (1.5)

1104 (98.5)

Esophageal procedure

2086 (1.6)

19 (0.9)

2067 (99.1)

Major small and large bowel procedure

12,401 (9.5)

56 (0.5)

12,345 (99.6)

Stomach and duodenal procedure

38,014 (29.3)

261 (0.7)

37,753 (99.3)

Pancreas, liver and shunt procedure

18,628 (14.3)

121 (0.7)

18,507 (99.4)

Comorbidities or complications

None

74,365 (57.2)

357 (0.5)

74,008 (99.5)

618.31

< .001

Minor

33,988 (26.2)

555 (1.6)

33,433 (98.4)

Moderate

17,297 (13.3)

402 (2.3)

16,895 (97.7)

Severe

4273 (3.3)

41 (1.0)

4232 (99.0)

Type of health insurance

Self-employed beneficiary

27,507 (21.2)

256 (0.9)

27,251 (99.1)

174.70

< .001

Self-employed dependent

12,803 (9.9)

148 (1.2)

12,655 (98.8)

Employed beneficiary

27,457 (21.1)

131 (0.5)

27,326 (99.5)

Employed dependent

54,718 (42.1)

671 (1.2)

54,047 (98.8)

Medical Aid beneficiary

6563 (5.1)

133 (2.0)

6430 (98.0)

Medical Aid dependent

875 (0.7)

16 (1.8)

859 (98.2)

Admission route

Emergency department

101,516 (78.1)

730 (2.6)

27,677 (97.4)

821.25

< .001

Outpatient department

28,407 (21.9)

625 (0.6)

100,891 (99.4)

  1. aMean ± SD: mean ± standard deviation, used in GEE logistic regression for confounding variables