Skip to main content

Table 2 Nurses’ utilization of non-pharmacological methods

From: Utilization of non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for adult postoperative pain management by the nurses at selected National Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Non pharmacological Methods

Not at all/ Seldom (%)

Sometimes (%)

Nearly always/ Always (%)

Cognitive-behavioural methods

 Positive re-inforcement

79.3

20.7

0

 Breathing Technique

3.9

14.4

81.7

 Relaxation

3.2

24.7

72.1

 Distraction

77.5

18.6

3.9

 Imagery

70.1

20.2

9.7

 Preparatory Informationa

12.3

65.0

22.7

Physical methods

 Heat Thermal Regulation

76.0

12.3

11.7

 Cold Thermal Regulation

72.7

17.5

9.7

 Massage

50.0

31.2

18.8

 Positioning

6.5

9.1

84.4

Emotional

 Presence

17.5

37.0

45.5

 Comforting and reassurance

0.6

7.1

92.2

 Therapeutic touch

32.5

28.5

39.0

Helping with daily activities

7.8

24.7

67.5

Creating a comfortable environment

15.5

39.0

45.5

  1. a Preparatory information inclusive of cognitive, sensory and ways of giving information