Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants (n = 450)
| Â | Intervention group | Control group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | |||
 Male | 85 (37.0) | 83 (37.7) | 168 |
 Female | 145 (63.0) | 137 (62.3) | 282 |
Age (mean, SD) | 67 (10.41) | 68 (10.48) | 67 (10.44) |
Type of operation, n (%) | |||
 THA | 143 (62.2) | 137 (62.3) | 280 |
 TKA | 87 (37.8) | 83 (37.7) | 170 |
ASA score, n (%) | |||
 ASA 1 | 30 (13.0) | 32 (14.6) | 62 |
 ASA2 | 102 (44.4) | 107 (48.6) | 209 |
 ASA 3–4 | 98 (42.6) | 81 (36.8) | 179 |