Table 2 Perpetrators and health consequences of sexual harassment on female nurses

Othman et al., 2018 [21]

–

Headache on 57.5%, fatigue on 56.67%, difficult sleep on 54.17%,

Nightmare on 48.33%, and loss of appetite on 35% of nurses

Stomach pain, weight gain, weight loss, disturbances of the menstrual cycle, muscular spasm or convulsions, and gastric ulcer disease or hypertensive.

Fatema, 2017 [22]

–

Feeling of sadness on 54%, loss of self-confidence on 25%, crying for no reason on 35% and

Social isolation on 22%. Uncontrolled ferociousness on 19%, trouble in emotional relationships on 27%, and bitterness on 48%.

Hussein et al., 2015 [23]

43.30% patient /family 30% follow nurse 26.70% doctors

Anxiety (Mean 41.27 ± 6.12) z = 3.85, p = 0.000

Depression (Mean 33.40 ± 4.44) z = 2.10, p = 0.036

Ali et al., 2015 [24]

42.70% patients

61.90% patients’ family

12.90% doctors

45.40% staff

Felt anger on 37.10%

Felt shame on 30.40%

Psychological in general on 94.7%

Disappointment on 76.50%

Depression on 67.90%, and fear on 35.80%

Mushtaq et al. 2015

–

Depression, anxiety, stress

Khan et al.,2015 [25]

55.3% patients/visitors

25.3% physicians

4.7% colleague nurses

14.7% administration

Psychological in general on 50.7%

Physical health in general on 8%

Park et al., 2015 [27]

55.5% patients

15.2% patient family

34.6% physicians

2.6% colleague nurses

1.6% nurse managers

–

Subedi et al., 2013 [28]

18.52% patients

25.93% patient relatives

37.03% physician

11.11% administrative staff

–

Suhaila & Rampal, 2012 [29]

Patients

Patients’ relatives

Colleagues

Medical Officers

Psychological effects in general on74.70%.

Fear on 80.30%, depression on 26.6%, loss of appetite on 8.60%, nausea on 7.70%, and fatigue on 1.30%.

Shiao et al., 2010 [30]

Psychiatry patients

Night shift had negative effects on the score of general health (Coef-6, SE = 2.7 p = 0.03)

Working in a psychiatric hospital was positively associated with scores in mental health (Coef 2.7,SE = 0.6 p < 0.0001)

Working in psychiatry hospital was vitality, was negatively associated with these scores (Coef 1.7,SE = 0.7 p < 0.0110)

Hibino et al., 2009 [31, 34]

Patients

–

Celik & Celik 2007 [32]

43.30% patients

34.20% attendants

77.10% physicians

51.10% nurses

29.4% other personnel

Disturbed mental health on 44.6%

Physical problem in general on 24.20%

Sleeping difficulty on 24.20%, headache on 40.30%, stomach ache on 17.30%, negative social and family relations on 36.80%, disturbed family life on 27.30%, being tired on 14.30%, fear on 23.4%, helplessness on 17.30%, depression on 10.80%, belittlement or humiliation on 10.8%.

Gunnarsdottir et al., 2006 [33]

–

Psychological wellbeing affected

Hibino et al., 2006 [31, 34]

94% male patients

–

Kisa et al., 2002 [35]

39% patients

17% relatives of patient

41% physicians

4% other hospital staffs

Emotional reactions -Anger on 42.9%, fear on 11.4%, helpless on 8.2%, depression on 6.9%, feelings of humiliation on 10.5%, guilt/self-blame on 6.2%.

Physical symptoms: Headaches on 37.7%, Dizziness on 2%, gastritis on 12.9%, nausea and/or vomiting on 2.4%, exhaustion on 12.9%, menstrual disturbances on 2%, inability to sleep on 20.2% and sleep more on 3.2%.

Matsuoka et al., 2001 [36]

–

Mental problem on 41%.

Shaikh, 2000 [37]

2.80% male patients

11.27% male attendants

26.90% male physicians

–

Kisa & Dziegielewski,1996

34% patients

14% relatives of patients

44% physicians

9% other perpetrators

Emotional effects -Anger on 44%, feelings of humiliation on 14%, fear on 12%, guilt on 9%, and depression on 5% and helplessness on 5%.

physical symptoms: Headaches on 38%, inability to sleep on 20%, feelings of exhaustion on 15%,gastritis on 14%, nausea and/or vomiting on 4%, tendency to sleep more than usual on 1%, dizziness on 1%, and menstrual disturbances on 1%.

Dan et al.,1995 [38]

75% patients

73% visitors

88.5% physicians

83% coworkers

Emotional condition on 47.4%.

Physical condition on 11.1%.

Libbus & Bowman,1994 [40]

53.5% patients

5.4% patients’ family

25% physicians

12.5% non-nurse staff

3.6% nurses

Emotional responses on 70.5% (Anger on 23.6%), embarrassment on 19.6%, disgust on 19.6%, nervousness on 18.20%.