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Table 7 Perceived Barriers to Pain Management in relation to Selected Nurses’ Demographic Characteristics (n = 126)

From: Emergency nurses´ knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers regarding pain Management in Resource-Limited Settings: cross-sectional study

Variables

N (%)

Mean ± SD

F or t

p-value

Previous training

  

t = 0.521

0.604

dYes

40 (31.7)

41.0 ± 12.6

  

eNo

86 (68.3)

39.8 ± 11.6

  

Educational level

  

F = 0.996

0.372

aCertificate

49 (38.9)

39.6 ± 12.2

  

bDiploma

50 (39.7)

39.3 ± 12.0

cBachelor

27 (21.4)

43.1 ± 10.5

Emergency work experience

  

F = 0.065

0.978

  ≤ 12

53 (42.1)

40.1 ± 12.2

  

 13–36

40 (31.7)

39.7 ± 12.9

  

 37–60

22 (17.5)

40.8 ± 9.7

  

  ≥ 61

11 (8.7)

41.2 ± 11.6

  

Nursing work experience

  

F = 1.738

0.146

  ≤ 24

39 (31.0)

38.4 ± 13.98

  

 25–48

31 (24.6)

42.8 ± 10.7

  

 49–72

21 (16.7)

43.3 ± 8.3

  

 73–96

16 (12.7)

35.1 ± 11.8

  

  ≥ 97

19 (15.1)

40.4 ± 11.4

  

Age in months

  

F = 0.712

0.547

  < 25

42 (33.3)

38.0 ± 13.6

  

 25–29

44 (34.9)

41.4 ± 11.2

  

 30–34

21 (16.7)

38.8 ± 10.4

  

  ≥ 35

19 (15.1)

42.5 ± 11.0

  

Gender

  

t = 0.013

0.909

 Male

76 (60.3)

40.1 ± 12.0

  

 Female

50 (39.7)

40.3 ± 11.8

  
  1. aNurse assistants with 1–2 years of training, bRegistered nurses with three years of training, cNurse practitioners with four years of training, dThey had short term or long-term training regards pain either in a college or in a hospital, eThey had no training regarding pain