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Table 1 A force field analysis using Lewin's (1951) driving and restraining forces

From: Managing change in the nursing handover from traditional to bedside handover – a case study from Mauritius

DRIVING FORCES

RESTRAINING FORCES

• Critical incidents on the increase

• Care given predominantly biomedical in orientation

• Complaints from patients, doctors and relatives on the rise.

• Increase in discharge against medical advice

• Staff knowledgeable in change management

• Ward manager's and peer lending support

• Familiarity with ward culture

• Ritualism and tradition

• Fear that this may lead to more work

• Lack of confidence on the part of some nurses

• Fear of increased accountability

• Problems associated with arriving late at work

• Problems associated with disclosure of confidential information