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Table 3 Results of the factor analysis of the shortened 19-item instrument

From: Psychometric evaluation of the French version of the questionnaire attitudes towards morphine use; a cross-sectional study in Valais, Switzerland

  

1

2

3

4

5

 

“Risk of addiction/dependence” (eigenvalue = 3.580, % variance explained = 18.8)

     

17

Risk of drug addiction

0.776

    

18

Risk of delirium or euphoria

0.700

    

19

Risk of drowsiness and sedation

0.543

    

22

Risk of physical and/or psychological dependence

0.770

    
 

“Operational reasons for not using morphine” (eigenvalue = 2.905, % variance explained = 15.3)

     

9

The prescription of morphine means that there is no life expectation

 

0.522

   

11

It is difficult to use and dose morphine

 

0.662

   

13

Morphine is a drug of last resort

 

0.516

   

21

Legal risk compared to other drugs

 

0.698

   

23

Risk of discrimination

 

0.707

   
 

“Risk of escalation” (eigenvalue = 1.656, % variance explained = 8.7)

     

1

It means it is serious

  

0.598

  

2

It decreases life expectancy

  

0.698

  

3

[The patient] can get used quickly and one takes the risk of increasing the dose

  

0.654

  

4

Once treatment is initiated, there is the risk of being unable to stop

  

0.564

  

6

The early use of morphine makes it difficult to use any other treatment in severe pain

  

0.525

  
 

“Other (non-dependence) risks” (eigenvalue = 1.111, % variance explained = 5.8)

     

7

IV administration is more effective than oral administration

   

0.593

 

20

Risk of respiratory depression

   

0.613

 

24

Risk of urinary retention

   

0.668

 
 

“External (non-operational) reasons” (eigenvalue = 1.060, % variance explained = 5.6)

     

8

The patients are against the prescription of morphine

    

0.707

16

Sensation of pain decreases with age in the elderly, which does not justify its use

    

-0.501

  1. Item numbering corresponds to the 24-item instrument. Results expressed as the highest factor loading for each component. Statistical analysis by factor analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization.